Download guyton and hall physiology review pdf






















Physiology is the link between basic science and medicine. The great beauty of physiology is that it integrates the individual functions of all the different cells, tissues, and organs of the body into one functional whole, the human body.

In fact, the human body is much more than the sum of its parts, and life is based on this total function, not just the function of individual parts of the body isolated from each other. This brings us to an important question: How do the separate organs and systems coordinate to keep the entire body functioning properly?

Fortunately, our bodies are endowed with a vast network of feedback controls that strike the necessary balances without which we could not live. Physiologists call this high level of internal body control homeostasis. In disease states, functional balances are often seriously disturbed and homeostasis is impaired. And, when even a single disturbance reaches a limit, the whole body can no longer live.

When a cardiac impulse passes through the heart, an electrical current also spreads from the heart into the adjacent tissues surrounding the heart. A small portion of the current spreads all the way to the surface of the body.

If electrodes are placed on the skin on opposite sides of the heart, electrical potentials generated by the current can be recorded; the recording is known as an electrocardiogram ECG. Guyton and Hall Physiology Review 11th Edition pdf free.

The P wave is caused by electrical potentials generated when the atria depolarize before an atrial contraction begins. Use the pressure-volume diagram of the left ventricle below to answer Questions 1—4. Guyton and Hall Physiology Review 3rd Edition. Your email address will not be published. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

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